Patient safety is a priority issue at the national and international levels. The World Patient Safety Day has been celebrated since 2019, the purpose of which is to raise global awareness of patient safety and encourage international solidarity in actions aimed at improving patient safety, reducing harm to patients worldwide, uniting the professional community and the patients themselves, their relatives, and various organizations representing the interests of patients. The Russian Federation takes an active part in the implementation of the Global Patient Safety Action Plan, which was released by WHO in 2021. This article analyzes the progress of realization of the global goals for ensuring patient safety of the Global Patient Safety Action Plan in the hea lthcare system of the Russian Federation: the achieved results and positive changes are noted, the causes of current difficulties and unresolved problems are identified, key tasks are defined, as well as priority areas for further development in the coming years, taking into account the national context and international benchmarks.

Providing the population with high-quality, safe and timely medical care at the achieved technological level is impossible without the use of modern, high-tech medical products. In this regard, the formation of a medical device (MD) fleet management system seems absolutely necessary, which requires tools that allow determining the key characteristics of management objects. The existing classification system characterizes MD according to their functional purpose and level of potential risk of use, without taking into account the key technical characteristics and properties of the product. Aim. Justification for the need to classify medical products according to basic technical properties. Materials and methods. Interstate and National standards of the Russian Federation regulating the circulation of MD, as well as an electronic database containing information on failures of MD in medical organizations, were used as information materials. Statistical processing and analysis of the failure rate of similar MD was carried out using the linear regression method, with the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), taking into account the reliability coefficient p < 0.05. Results. Using the example of computed tomographs, showed a strong direct connection between which company produced the medical product and the frequency of malfunctions of the products (r = 0.986), and also proposed a variant of their classification according to one of the main technical properties characterizing reliability – resistance to failure. The study confirmed the possibility of forming a classifier of MD from the standpoint of quantitative characteristics of their technical properties. Conclusion. The presence of such a classifier will make it possible to determine models of medical equipment that have the best technical characteristics, for example, those that are more reliable and adaptable to maintenance and repair. This will minimize the risks associated with emergency failures of medical products, as well as increase the level of readiness of products in the diagnostic and treatment process. With this article, the authors open a series of publications devoted to the creation of a classifier of MD from a technical point of view, bringing to open discussion the question of the feasibility of its formation.

Ensuring combat readiness and personnel stability of law enforcement agencies is impossible without a deep understanding of the factors leading to premature dismissal of military personnel due to health reasons. Objective. To determine the structure of diseases that served as the basis for dismissal due to health reasons among contract military personnel in the National Guard troops. Materials and methods. The study included a retrospective analysis of reports from the military medical commission of the Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Main Military Clinical Hospital of the National Guard of the Russian Federation’ for 2017–2023. Polymorbidity was assessed using the cumulative CIRS scale: the polymorbidity index (CIRS) and the severity of polymorbid pathology (CIRS-SI) were calculated. K-means clustering was used to identify typical combinations of diseases. Results. For the period 2017–2023, the average annual rate of military personnel discharged due to health reasons was 442 cases per 1,000 referred for military medical examination to determine their fitness for military service. After moderate stability in 2017–2019, a decrease in the number of examinations was observed in 2020, followed by steady growth, which was particularly pronounced in 2022–2023. The main reasons for dismissals are related to diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, diseases of the endocrine, musculoskeletal and nervous systems, mental disorders and injuries. A cluster analysis of polymorbidity was conducted, and five typical patterns of disease combinations were identified. The most pronounced CIRS and CIRS-SI index values were recorded in military personnel with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and oncological diseases. Statistically significant age differences were established: military personnel in older age groups were more likely to have a greater number of concomitant diseases, while younger patients demonstrated a higher severity of pathology. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a high level of polymorbidity among military personnel discharged due to health reasons. The identified patterns of combined pathology emphasise the need for systematic medical monitoring and the development of targeted preventive measures aimed at maintaining the working capacity and extending the service life of military personnel.

In the conditions of a modern metropolis, corporate health programs are becoming especially relevant. They provide employers with the opportunity to effectively manage the risks associated with the health of employees, as well as optimize the costs arising in this area. In addition, such initiatives contribute to increasing employee engagement and productivity. Aim. To assess the awareness and interest of the employer in the creation and implementation of a corporate program aimed at improving the health of employees. Materials and methods. A sociological survey was conducted among 212 employees of the Management Company Industrial and Metallurgical Holding in Moscow to assess the employer’s awareness, commitment and interest in the implementation of corporate programs aimed at improving the health of employees. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 7.0 statistical software package. Results. The awareness study showed that employees have knowledge about the principles of a healthy lifestyle, and also revealed a general tendency of employers to take care of their own health. A study of employers’ interest in implementing corporate initiatives revealed key aspects that encourage them to follow the principles of a healthy lifestyle. In the course of the analysis of the conditions for the creation of health promotion programs, the main approaches used by the company to maintain and improve the health of employees were identified. Conclusion. Corporate health promotion programs are a comprehensive strategy aimed at improving the physical and psychological condition of the working population. Surveys among employers will identify their views and key priorities, which will help in the development of measures to promote such initiatives at the level of large cities.

The demographic situation in modern Russia is characterized by a decrease in the birth rate, a high rate of complications of pregnancy and childbirth. The quality of life relevant to health is one of the key factors determining the course of a woman’s pregnancy. Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the quality of life of pregnant women associated with the degree of perinatal risk of complicated pregnancy. Materials and methods. A study of the quality of life of women with complicated pregnancies was conducted on the basis of women’s consultations in the region in 2023–2024. 385 women in the third trimester of complicated pregnancy were selected to participate in the study. The WHOQOL-100 questionnaire was used to study the quality of life of the respondents. The degree of prenatal risk was determined according to the scale of perinatal risk factors by V.E. Radzinsky et al., according to which respondents are divided into groups of low, medium and high prenatal risk. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate the degree of risk with quality of life indicators in the subspheres and spheres of the questionnaire. Results. A significant change in the average values of quality of life indicators in the “Physical” sphere was noted in pregnant women with a low degree of prenatal risk. An analysis of the data of respondents with medium and high prenatal risk showed a negative trend in the indicators of average values of quality of life in the areas of “Physical”, “Environment” and “Level of independence”, with the maximum decrease in indicators for women with high prenatal risk during gestation. The values of the quality of life study results are related to the degrees of prenatal risk –0.24 < |r| < –0.20. Conclusion. Statistically reliable data on differences in the average quality of life of respondents with varying degrees of prenatal risk in complicated pregnancy were obtained. In contrast to the somatic determinism of the quality of life of respondents with low prenatal risk, respondents with medium and high prenatal risk have somatic and social determinism of quality of life. The relationship between the quality of life of the respondents and the degree of prenatal risk of complicated pregnancy has been established.

The health care system is experiencing a staff shortage due to the outflow of young personnel. Therefore, it is important to provide earlier career specialists with quality professional guidance when choosing residency programs for high commitment to the profession in the future. Aim. To carry out the professiography of residency specialties of the unified group 31.00.00 “Clinical Medicine” through the allocation and description of physicians’ practice in the corresponding specialties. Materials and methods. The study involved 908 respondents, representatives of 57 residency specialties. The respondents assessed various aspects of their educational-working activity in accordance with the residency specialty. Data analysis was performed using k-means clustering. Results. The study divided respondents into three clusters that differed in their work patterns. Physicians in the first cluster rarely deal with patients’ emotional distress and are more likely to work in a stable environment with no night shifts. Physicians in the second cluster are more likely to work with emotionally disturbed patients, face more unstable work schedules, and utilize complex manual skills and equipment in their practice. Cluster three physicians also frequently deal with patients’ emotional distress, but work in a more “relaxied” environment, such as no night shifts or mandatory on-call hours. Conclusion. The study has shown that the professional practice of physicians within the unified group of specialties “Clinical Medicine” can vary significantly. The results obtained can be used to create more accurate career guidance tools that will take into account the specific features of work in different medical specialties, and help students to take a more reasonable approach to the choice of specialty, by comparing the existing working conditions of physicians and their own ideas about the most preferable work organization alternatives.

The problem of the high prevalence of risk factors for carbohydrate metabolism disorders does not lose its relevance, while the special role of behavioral risk factors, in particular, eating behavior, is highlighted. Aim. To analyze risk factors for the development of carbohydrate disorders and eating disorders in the population of the Tyumen region. Materials and methods. The study involved 2176 people living in the Tyumen region: 64.8 % (n = 1,411) of women and 35.2 % (n = 765) of men, the median age was 41 (27; 53) years. 43.5 % (n = 947) of respondents lived in the south of the Tyumen region, 40 % (n = 871) – in the Yamalo–Nenets Autonomous District, 16.5 % (n = 358) – in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, symptoms and manifestations of eating disorders were assessed according to the criteria of the DSM-V and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and the risk of developing carbohydrate disorders was assessed according to the FINDRISK scale. Results. Analysis of risk factors for the development of carbohydrate disorders and eating behavior in the population of the Tyumen region, the most common were: a burdened heredity with respect to diabetes mellitus (72.1 %), waist circumference  ⩾ 80 cm for women,  ⩾ 94 cm for men (43.9 %), age  ⩾ 45 years (43.7 %). Eating disorders (bulimia nervosa and compulsive overeating) were detected in 4.7 % of respondents. The presence of verified eating disorders increased the risk of developing carbohydrate disorders by 2.8 times (95 % confidence interval: 1.8–3.2; p = 0.033). Conclusion. Evaluation of the population’s eating behavior, both in terms of identifying disorders and nosological forms, and in terms of pathological patterns of behavior in terms of food intake, can be included in personalized preventive programs for working with the population to increase the effectiveness of verification and prevent the development of carbohydrate d isorders.