Quality of life of pregnant women associated with prenatal risk of complicated course of pregnancy

The demographic situation in modern Russia is characterized by a decrease in the birth rate, a high rate of complications of pregnancy and childbirth. The quality of life relevant to health is one of the key factors determining the course of a woman’s pregnancy. Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the quality of life of pregnant women associated with the degree of perinatal risk of complicated pregnancy. Materials and methods. A study of the quality of life of women with complicated pregnancies was conducted on the basis of women’s consultations in the region in 2023–2024. 385 women in the third trimester of complicated pregnancy were selected to participate in the study. The WHOQOL-100 questionnaire was used to study the quality of life of the respondents. The degree of prenatal risk was determined according to the scale of perinatal risk factors by V.E. Radzinsky et al., according to which respondents are divided into groups of low, medium and high prenatal risk. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate the degree of risk with quality of life indicators in the subspheres and spheres of the questionnaire. Results. A significant change in the average values of quality of life indicators in the “Physical” sphere was noted in pregnant women with a low degree of prenatal risk. An analysis of the data of respondents with medium and high prenatal risk showed a negative trend in the indicators of average values of quality of life in the areas of “Physical”, “Environment” and “Level of independence”, with the maximum decrease in indicators for women with high prenatal risk during gestation. The values of the quality of life study results are related to the degrees of prenatal risk –0.24 < |r| < –0.20. Conclusion. Statistically reliable data on differences in the average quality of life of respondents with varying degrees of prenatal risk in complicated pregnancy were obtained. In contrast to the somatic determinism of the quality of life of respondents with low prenatal risk, respondents with medium and high prenatal risk have somatic and social determinism of quality of life. The relationship between the quality of life of the respondents and the degree of prenatal risk of complicated pregnancy has been established.

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