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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">natszdrav</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальное здравоохранение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Health Care (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-069X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0703</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2713-069X.2023.4.3.5-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">natszdrav-278</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ СТАТИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы оценки и анализа показателей смертности в контексте правил Международной статистической классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем, Десятого пересмотра (МКБ-10)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of assessment and analysis of mortality rates in the context of the rules of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-5564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Какорина</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakorina</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Какорина Екатерина Петровна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора; профессор Института лидерства и управления здравоохранением</p><p>ул. Щепкина, д. 62/1, г. Москва, 129110</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina P. Kakorina – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director; Professor, Institute of Leadership and Health Management</p><p>Shchepkina str., 62/1, Moscow, 129110</p><p>Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-1503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самородская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samorodskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самородская Ирина Владимировна – д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Петроверигский переулок, д. 10, стр. 3, г. Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Samorodskaya – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p><p>Petroverigsky alleyway, 10/3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samor2000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-8076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернявская</surname><given-names>Т. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyavskaya</surname><given-names>T. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернявская Татьяна Константиновна – канд. мед. наук, заместитель директора, декан факультета образования врачей</p><p>ул. Щепкина, д. 62/1, г. Москва, 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana K. Chernyavskaya – Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Deputy Director, Head of Medical Education Department</p><p>Shchepkina str., 62/1, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт&#13;
им. М.Ф. Владимирского»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт&#13;
им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Какорина Е.П., Самородская И.В., Чернявская Т.К., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Какорина Е.П., Самородская И.В., Чернявская Т.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kakorina E.P., Samorodskaya I.V., Chernyavskaya T.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.natszdrav.ru/jour/article/view/278">https://www.natszdrav.ru/jour/article/view/278</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: изучить изменения в структуре причин смерти среди умерших 18 лет и старше по данным медицинских свидетельств о смерти (МСС) и обсудить проблемы оценки вклада отдельных групп заболеваний и состояний в смертность населения. Материалы и методы. Источником информации являлась электронная база данных Главного управления ЗАГС (система ЕГР ЗАГС) МСС на умерших в возрасте 18 лет и старше за 2019, 2021 и 2022 гг. одного из субъектов Российской Федерации. Результаты: все 3 года 99 % смертей приходится на 12 классов Международной статистической классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем, Десятого пересмотра (МКБ-10); на 3 класса (болезни системы кровообращения – БСК, нервной системы – БНС и новообразования) в 2019 г приходилось 70 % смертей, в 2021 г. – 58 % и в 2022-м – 62 % (снижение доли произошло за счет COVID-19). Доля БСК составила 40, 32 и 37,7 %; новообразований – 15,3, 10,9 и 13,5 %. Наибольшее снижение смертности отмечено по классу «психические расстройства» (ПР – в 8 раз: 58,4 и 7,4 на 100 тыс. – в 2019 и 2022 г. соответственно). Доля умерших мужчин все 3 года была выше в классах «травмы и отравления» (ТиО), «инфекционные болезни» (ИБ), «болезни органов дыхания» и «болезни органов пищеварения» (БОП). Наиболее высокий возраст умерших зарегистрирован по классам БНС и болезней мочеполовой системы (БМПС); самый молодой возраст – по классам ИБ и ТиО. Все 3 года более 60 % смертей в стационаре регистрируется в классах ИБ и БОП, а в 2021 и 2022 гг. – от COVID-19. Смерти на дому преобладают в классах БНС и неточно обозначенных состояний (класс R). По отдельным кодам в классах БСК, БНС, ПР, БМПС, представляющим не запрещенные, но неуточненные причины смерти, в динамике выявлены значительные изменения (сотни и тысячи случаев), что, вероятно, обусловлено изменением подходов к кодированию первоначальных причин смерти и влияет на структуру смертности по классам и отдельным причинам. Выводы. Значительные годичные изменения числа смертей от отдельных причин, различия в демографических характеристиках по классам МКБ требуют уточнения критериев использования отдельных 4-значных кодов и последующего анализа смертности по клинически близким группам болезней.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose of the study: to study changes in the structure of causes of death among those who died aged 18 years and older according to medical death certificates (MDC) and to discuss the problems of assessing the contribution of certain groups of diseases and conditions to the mortality of the population. Materials and methods. The source of information was the electronic database of the Main Directorate of the Civil Registry Office (USR registry office of the Moscow Region) of the MSS for those who died at the age of 18 and older for 2019, 2021 and 2022. one of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Results: All 3 years 99 % of deaths occur in 12 classes of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10); 3 classes (diseases of the circulatory system – DCS, nervous system – DNS and neoplasms) accounted for 70 % of deaths in 2019, 58 % in 2021 and 62 % in 2022 (the share decreased due to COVID-19). The share of DCS was 40 %, 32 % and 37.7 %; neoplasms – 15.3 % 10.9 % and 13.5 %. The greatest decrease in mortality was noted in the class of mental and behavioural disorders (MBD; 8 times: 58.4 in 2019 and 7.4 per 100 thousand in 2022). The proportion of male deaths over all 3 years was higher in the classes of injury and poisoning (IP), infectious diseases (ID), diseases of the respiratory system (DRS) and digestive system diseases (DDS). The highest age of the deceased was registered according to the classes of DNS and diseases of the genitourinary system (DGS); the youngest age in ID and IP classes. For all 3 years, more than 60 % of deaths in a hospital are registered in the classes of ID and DDS, and in 2021 and 2022 from COVID-19. Deaths at home predominate in the class of DNS and ill-defined conditions (class R). For individual codes in the classes of DCS, DNS, MBD, DGS, representing non-prohibited but unspecified causes of death, significant changes (hundreds and thousands of cases) were revealed in dynamics, which is probably due to a change in approaches to coding primary cause of death and affects the structure of mortality by classes and individual reasons. Conclusions. Significant annual changes in the number of deaths from individual causes, differences in demographic characteristics by ICD classes require clarification of the criteria for using individual 4-digit codes and subsequent analysis of mortality for clinically related groups of diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинское свидетельство о смерти</kwd><kwd>причины смерти</kwd><kwd>МКБ-10</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical certificate of death</kwd><kwd>causes of death</kwd><kwd>ICD-10</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С.А., Самородская И.В. Факторы, влияющие на смертность населения. Вестник Российской академии наук. 2016; 86(12): 1089–1097.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boytsov S.A., Samorodskaya I.V. Factors influencing mortality. 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