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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">natszdrav</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальное здравоохранение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Health Care (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-069X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0703</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2713-069X.2021.2.1.51-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">natszdrav-110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ДЕМОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL DEMOGRAPHICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы и проблемы нозологического анализа смертности в период пандемии COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods and problems of the nosological analysis of mortality in the period of COVID-19 pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-4521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна – д-р. мед. наук, проф., член-корр. РАН, директор </p><p>Петроверигский пер, д. 10, г. Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana M. Drapkina – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science, Director </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-1503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самородская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samorodskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самородская Ирина Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Петроверигский пер, д. 10, г. Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Samorodskaya – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p><p>Petroverigsky lane, 10, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-5564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Какорина</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakorina</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Какорина Екатерина Петровна – доктор медицинских наук, проф., заместитель директора ГБУЗ «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»; профессор Института лидерства и управления здравоохранением ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России </p><p>ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2, г. Москва, 129110; ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina P. Kakorina – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Deputy Director, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky; Professor, Institute for Leadership and Health Care Management, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University </p><p>Shchepkina str., 61/2, Moscow, 129110; Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Moscow, 119991</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перхов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perkhov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перхов Владимир Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Добролюбова, д. 11, г. Москва, 127254</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Perkhov – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher </p><p>Dobrolyubova str., 11, Moscow, 127254</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»ж &#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky; &#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Informatization of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Драпкина О.М., Самородская И.В., Какорина Е.П., Перхов В.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О.М., Самородская И.В., Какорина Е.П., Перхов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drapkina O.M., Samorodskaya I.V., Kakorina E.P., Perkhov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.natszdrav.ru/jour/article/view/110">https://www.natszdrav.ru/jour/article/view/110</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждаются различные подходы к оценке смертности в период пандемии COVID-19. Проведенный анализ международных данных свидетельствует о том, что разные страны применяют различные подходы к оценке смертности от COVID-19 и увеличения смертности населения от всех причин. Наиболее вероятные причины вариабельности увеличения показателей смертности: скорость распространения инфекции, качество изоляционно-карантинных мероприятий, приверженность населения к их выполнению, ресурсные возможности системы здравоохранения и качество оказания медицинской помощи (для лечения как COVID-19, так и других заболеваний), особенности бытовых условий жизни, социально-экономические и политические процессы, которые трудно формализовать (а следовательно, оценить вклад методами математической статистики). Для корректного сопоставления показателей избыточной смертности необходим будет расчет стандартизованных показателей и сопоставление данных в пятилетних возрастных группах.</p><p>В 2021 году следует ожидать серьезных проблем с сопоставлением показателей смертности от отдельных причин в разных странах. Методика учета случаев смертей от COVID-19 и других причин не является единой на мировом уровне, проблемы связаны с различиями в подходах к определению первичной причины смерти, трудностями с определением причины смерти при наличии у пациента мультиморбидной патологии (особенно без патолого-анатомического вскрытия). Полноценный анализ возможен только при трансдисциплинарной кооперации под эгидой ВОЗ врачей, математиков, экономистов, специалистов в области информационных технологий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses different approaches to assessing mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of inter­national data shows that different countries use different approaches to assessing mortality from COVID-19 and the increase in mortality from all causes. The most probable reasons for the variability of the increase in mortality rates are the rate of spread of infection, the quality of isolation and quarantine measures, the commitment of the population to their implementation, the resource capacity of the healthcare system and the quality of medical care (both for the treatment of COVID-19 and other diseases), features of living conditions, socio-economic and political processes that are difficult to formalize (and therefore assess the contribution by methods of mathematical statistics). For a correct comparison of excess mortality rates, it will be necessary to calculate standardized indicators and compare data in five-year age groups.</p><p>In 2021, serious problems should be expected with the comparison of mortality rates in different countries from individual causes. The methodology for recording deaths from COVID-19 and other causes is not uniform at the global level, prob­lems are associated with differences in approaches to determining the primary cause of death, difficulties in determining the cause of death if a patient has multimorbid pathology (especially without postmortem examination). A full-fledged analysis is possible only with transdisciplinary cooperation under the auspices of the WHO of doctors, mathematicians, economists, and information technology specialists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пандемия COVID-19</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd><kwd>избыточная смертность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>lethality</kwd><kwd>excess mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Checchi F., Roberts L. Interpreting and using mortality data in humanitarian emergencies. Humanitarian Practice Network. 2005; 52: 38 p. http://www.redr.org/redr/support/TSS/doc/mortality_OliverMorgan.pdf (accessed 06.04.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Checchi F., Roberts L. Interpreting and using mortality data in humanitarian emergencies. 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