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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">natszdrav</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальное здравоохранение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Health Care (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-069X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0703</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/2713-069X.2021.2.1.32-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">natszdrav-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>МEDICAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исторические аспекты трансформации системы медицинского образования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Historical aspects of the medical education system transformation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2139-6847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каграманян</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagramanyan</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каграманян Игорь Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор Института лидерства и управления здравоохранением</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor N. Kagramanyan – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Institute of Leadership and Healthcare Management</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасенко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасенко Артем Игоревич – кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель директора по инновационному развитию Института урологии и репродуктивного здоровья</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem I. Tarasenko – Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Deputy Director for Innovative Development, Institute of Uronephrology and Reproductive Health</p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tar-art@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-6306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купеева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupeeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Купеева Ирина Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, директор Департамента медицинского образования и кадровой политики в здравоохранении</p><p>пер. Рахмановский, д. 3, ГСП-4, г. Москва, 127994</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Kupeeva – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Director of the Department of Medical Education and Personnel Policy in Health Care</p><p>3, GSP-4, Rakhmanovsky lane, Moscow, 127994</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-4910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янушевич</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanushevich</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Янушевич Олег Олегович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ректор </p><p>ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, г. Москва, 127473</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg O. Yanushevich – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Rector</p><p>20/1, Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-4006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашков</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашков Константин Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой истории медицины</p><p>ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1, г. Москва, 127473</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin A. Pashkov – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head Department of the History of Medicine</p><p>20/1, Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-8231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимова Алена Олеговна – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакологического скрининга</p><p>ул. Балтийская, д. 8, г. Москва, 125315</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena O. Efimova – Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Researcher, Laboratory of Pharmacological Screening</p><p>8, Baltiyskaya str., Moscow, 125315</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фармакологии имени В.В. Закусова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research V.V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каграманян И.Н., Тарасенко А.И., Купеева И.А., Янушевич О.О., Пашков К.А., Ефимова А.О., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каграманян И.Н., Тарасенко А.И., Купеева И.А., Янушевич О.О., Пашков К.А., Ефимова А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kagramanyan I.N., Tarasenko A.I., Kupeeva I.A., Yanushevich O.O., Pashkov K.A., Efimov A.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.natszdrav.ru/jour/article/view/108">https://www.natszdrav.ru/jour/article/view/108</self-uri><abstract><p>История развития медицинского и фармацевтического образования является частью социальной истории общества. Качество подготовки медицинских кадров определяет эффективность работы всей системы здравоохранения и является приоритетным направлением развития на протяжении всей истории Российского государства. В работе отражены основные этапы становления системы медицинского образования с XVII века и по настоящее время. Подготовка медицинских кадров в России началась со второй половины XVII века, когда в 1654 году при Аптекарском приказе была создана медицинская школа с целью подготовки врачей для нужд армии.</p><p>Необходимость обеспечения квалифицированными медицинскими кадрами  сохраняет  свою  актуальность как в военное, так и в мирное время. Происходящие на протяжении столетий реформы медицинского образования дают возможность развития вариативности образовательных программ, а также внедрения новых образовательных технологий с учетом современных требований и мировых тенденций. Изучение исторических аспектов отечественной медицины определяет более грамотный подход к развитию системы здравоохранения и медицинского  образования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The history of medical and pharmaceutical education development is part of the social history. The quality of medical personnel training determines the efficiency of the entire health care system and has been a priority area of development throughout the history of the Russian state. The paper reflects the main stages of the medical education system development in the period from the 17th century to the present. The training of medical personnel in Russia began in the second half of the 17th century, when, under the Pharmaceutical Order, a medical school was established in 1654to train doctors for the needs of the army.</p><p>The need to provide qualified medical personnel remains relevant, both in wartime and in peacetime. The reforms of medical education that have been taking place over the centuries make it possible to diversify educational programs, as well as the to introduce new educational technologies, considering modern requirements and global trends. The study of the historical aspects of domestic medicine determines a more competent approach to the development of the health care system and medical education.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинское образование</kwd><kwd>Петровские реформы</kwd><kwd>история медицинского образования</kwd><kwd>медицинские кадры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical education</kwd><kwd>Peter the Great’s reforms</kwd><kwd>history of medical education</kwd><kwd>medical personnel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сточик А.М., Пальцев М.А., Затравкин С.Н. 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