natszdravНациональное здравоохранениеNational Health Care (Russia)2713-069X2713-0703Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)10.47093/2713-069X.2021.2.1.21-31natszdrav-107Research ArticleМЕДИЦИНСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕМEDICAL EDUCATIONПандемия COVID-19 в России: медико-социальные проблемы цифровой образовательной средыCOVID-19 pandemic in Russia: medical and social problems of the digital educational environmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-5546КучмаВ. Р.KuchmaV. R.

Кучма Владислав Ремирович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, чл.-кор. РАН, научный руководитель Института комплексных проблем гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; заведующий кафедрой гигиены детей и подростков ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» 

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014; ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Vladislav R. Kuchma – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Supervisor Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems of F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbing; Head of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014; Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0079-240XСедоваА. С.SedovaA. S.

Седова Анна Сергеевна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделом гигиены детей, подростков и молодежи Института комплексных проблем гигиены 

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014

Anna S. Sedova – Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Head of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth Department of Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014

sedovaas@fferisman.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-4577СоколоваС. Б.SokolovaS. B.

Соколова Светлана Борисовна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела гигиены детей, подростков и молодежи Института комплексных проблем гигиены

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014

Svetlana B. Sokolova – Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Leading Researcher of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth Department of Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems 

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-4491РапопортИ. К.RapoportI. K.

Рапопорт Ирина Калмановна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела гигиены детей, подростков и молодежи Института комплексных проблем гигиены 

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014

Irina K. Rapoport – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth Department of Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems 

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-9436СтепановаМ. И.StepanovaM. I.

Степанова Марина Исааковна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отдела гигиены детей, подростков и молодежи Института комплексных проблем гигиены 

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014

Marina I. Stepanova – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth Department of Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-2989ЛапоноваЕ. Д.LaponovaE. D.

Лапонова Евгения Дмитриевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры гигиены детей и подростков 

ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Evgeniya D. Laponova – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Professor of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents Department

Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-3342ПоленоваМ. А.PolenovaM. A.

Поленова Марина Альбертовна – доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела гигиены детей, подростков и молодежи Института комплексных проблем гигиены

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014

Marina A. Polenova – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Chief Researcher of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth Department of Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-6969ЧубаровскийВ. В.ChubarovskyV. V.

Чубаровский Владимир Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела гигиены детей, подростков и молодежи Института комплексных проблем гигиены ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; профессор кафедры гигиены детей и подростков ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014; ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, г. Москва, 119991

Vladimir V. Chubarovsky – Dr. of Sci. (Medicine), Chief Researcher of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth Department of Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems of F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbing; Professor of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014; Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Moscow, 119991

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0635-075XТикашкинаО. В.TikashkinaO. V.

Тикашкина Ольга Владимировна – младший научный сотрудник отдела гигиены детей, подростков и молодежи Института комплексных проблем гигиены

ул. Семашко, 2, г. Мытищи, Московская обл., 141014

Olga V. Tikashkina – Junior Researcher of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth Department of Institute for Complex Hygiene Problems 

Semashko str., 2, Mytischi, Moscow region, 141014

ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal Scientific Center Of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Center Of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202114092021212131Copyright © Кучма В.Р., Седова А.С., Соколова С.Б., Рапопорт И.К., Степанова М.И., Лапонова Е.Д., Поленова М.А., Чубаровский В.В., Тикашкина О.В., 20212021Кучма В.Р., Седова А.С., Соколова С.Б., Рапопорт И.К., Степанова М.И., Лапонова Е.Д., Поленова М.А., Чубаровский В.В., Тикашкина О.В.Kuchma V.R., Sedova A.S., Sokolova S.B., Rapoport I.K., Stepanova M.I., Laponova E.D., Polenova M.A., Chubarovsky V.V., Tikashkina O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.natszdrav.ru/jour/article/view/107

В связи с эпидемией новой коронавирусной инфекции все школы Российской Федерации весной 2020 г. были вынуждены перейти на дистанционную форму работы.

Цель

Цель. Провести анализ ключевых публикаций, посвященных: организации образовательного процесса в условиях дистанционного обучения; жизнедеятельности и самочувствию участников образовательного процесса в условиях самоизоляции; медико-социальным подходам к снижению негативных последствий самоизоляции детей и подростков и дистанционного обучения.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ отечественных и международных научных публикаций и рекомендаций, найденных с помощью поисковых систем Scopus, Pubmed, Российского индекса научного цитирования и в режиме «ручного поиска» на ресурсах ВОЗ, ЮНИСЕФ, ЮНЕСКО и CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Результаты

Результаты. Закрытие образовательных организаций влечет за собой риск снижения качества образования. В 2020 г. при закрытии российских школ образовательный процесс не был остановлен благодаря дистанционному обучению с использованием цифровых технологий. В статье рассматриваются вопросы истории возникновения дистанционного онлайн-обучения, представлены результаты исследований, проведенных научными организациями и вузами, с целью изучения особенностей организации образовательного процесса в условиях дистанционного обучения, жизнедеятельности участников образовательного процесса в школах, их самочувствия в условиях самоизоляции. Для снижения негативных последствий самоизоляции детей и подростков и дистанционного обучения проанализированы и обоснованы медико-социальные подходы.

Заключение

Заключение. Решение проблем, связанных с дистанционным образованием, может быть реализовано в ходе научно-методического сопровождения и экспертизы проекта по внедрению в 14 субъектах Российской Федерации целевой модели цифровой образовательной среды в сфере общего и среднего профессионального образования, планируемого в России в 2020–2022 гг. Для этого Российская академия наук в лице Отделения медицинских наук и Секции профилактической медицины, Минздрав России, Роспотребнадзор должны быть участниками проекта.

In connection with the epidemic of a novel coronavirus infection, all schools in the Russian Federation in the spring of 2020 were forced to switch to remote work.

Aim

Aim. To analyze key publications on: the organization of the educational process in the context of distance learning; life and well-being of participants in the educational process in conditions of lockdown; medical and social approaches to reduce the negative consequences of lockdown for children and adolescents during distance learning.

 Materials and methods

 Materials and methods. The analysis of domestic and international scientific publications and recommendations found using the search engines Scopus, Pubmed, the Russian Science Citation Index and by manual search on the resources of WHO, UNICEF, UNESCO and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Results

Results. The closure of educational institutions is a risk of reducing the quality of education. In 2020, with the closure of Russian schools, the educational process was not stopped due to distance learning using digital technologies. The article examines the history of the emergence of online distance learning, presents the results of research carried out by scientific organizations and universities in order to study the features of the organization of the educational process in conditions of distance learning, the life of participants in the educational process in schools, and their well-being in lockdown. To reduce the negative consequences of lockdown on children and adolescents and distance learning, medical and social approaches have been analyzed and substantiated.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The solution of problems related to distance education can be realized in the course of scientific and methodological support and examination of the experiment on the implementation in 14 constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the target model of the digital educational environment in the field of general and secondary vocational education, planned in Russia in 2020–2022. For this, the Russian Academy of Sciences, represented by the Department of Medical Sciences and the Section of Preventive Medicine, the Ministry of Health of Russia, and Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) have to be participants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.